ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Here are some headlines about this tech:

According to Wikipedia:"Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence exhibited by machines or software. It is also the name of the academic field of study which studies how to create computers and computer software that are capable of intelligent behavior."
Artificial intelligence is the most awesome st field in Science that deals with the intelligence beyond human imagination.

It is the latest trend among the new beginners to follow up this field due to its promising fact of stunning the creater in obtaining something complete out of the wack.

1.)  India's second largest software exporter Infosys is putting its might behind some of the biggest futuristic bets that the company is making, such as its newest artificial intelligence platform MANA, and putting key leaders in charge of developing these products, amid a scramble to hire top talent from the world's biggest tech hub, the Silicon Valley.

2.) MOUNTAIN VIEW, CALIFORNIA: In its quest to maintain a US military advantage, the Pentagon is aggressively turning to Silicon Valley's hottest technology - artificial intelligence.

On Wednesday, Secretary of Defense Ash Carter made his fourth trip to the tech industry's heartland since being named to his post last year. Before that, it had been 20 years since a defense secretary had visited the area, he noted in a speech at a Defense Department research facility near Google's headquarters.

The Pentagon's intense interest in AI - and by connection the Silicon Valley companies specializing in that technology - has grown out of the "Third Offset" strategy articulated by Carter last fall. Concerned about the re-emergence of China and Russia as military competitors, he stated that computer-based, high-tech weapons would give the US military an edge in the future.

3.)  NEW DELHI: IBM will collaborate with eight leading universities to train its cloud-based artificially intelligent Watson computer system to tackle cybercrime.

"Training Watson for Cyber Security is a critical step in the advancement of cognitive security. Watson is learning the nuances of security research findings and discovering patterns and evidence of hidden cyber attacks and threats that could otherwise be missed," according to a statement from IBM.
Starting this fall, IBM will work with leading universities and their students to further train Watson on Cyber Security.

The universities that will be working with IBM include - California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Pennsylvania State University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; New York University; University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC); University of New Brunswick; University of Ottawa and University of Waterloo.

The company intends to begin beta production deployments taking advantage of IBM Watson for Cyber Security later this year.

4.)  The AAAI that is Association for the Advancement
  Founded in 1979, the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) (formerly the American Association for Artificial Intelligence) is a nonprofit scientific society devoted to advancing the scientific understanding of the mechanisms underlying thought and intelligent behavior and their embodiment in machines. AAAI aims to promote research in, and responsible use of, artificial intelligence. AAAI also aims to increase public understanding of artificial intelligence, improve the teaching and training of AI practitioners, and provide guidance for research planners and funders concerning the importance and potential of current AI developments and future directions.

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Bluetooth

BLUETOOTH

Bluetooth is a commonly used device that is nowadays installed in every small or large project.

It is basically a form of wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (using short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the ISM band from 2.4 to 2.485 GHz) from fixed and mobile devices, and building personal area networks (PANs).

Bluetooth can be found in nearly every mobile phone, headphones, keyboard, mouse, speaker etc.

The basic principle of working of Bluetooth is that it is a standard wire-replacement communications protocol primarily designed for low-power consumption, with a short range based on low-cost transceiver microchips in each device.

The development of the "short-link" radio technology, later named Bluetooth, was initiated in 1989 by Dr. Nils Rydbeck CTO at Ericsson Mobile in Lund and Dr. Johan Ullman. The purpose was to develop wireless headsets, according to two inventions by Johan Ullman, issued 1989-06-12 and SE 9202239, issued 1992-07-24. Nils Rydbeck tasked Tord Wingren with specifying and Jaap Haartsen and Sven Mattisson with developing. Both were working for Ericsson in Lund, Sweden.The specification is based on frequency-hopping spread spectrum technology.

Bluetooth uses the microwave radio frequency spectrum in the 2.402 GHz to 2.480 GHz range.Maximum power output from a Bluetooth radio is 100 mW for class 1, 2.5 mW for class 2, and 1 mW for class 3 devices. Even the maximum power output of class 1 is a lower level than the lowest powered mobile phones.UMTS & W-CDMA outputs 250 mW, GSM1800/1900 outputs 1000 mW, and GSM850/900 outputs 2000 mW.

A master Bluetooth device can communicate with a maximum of seven devices in a piconet (an ad-hoc computer network using Bluetooth technology), though not all devices reach this maximum. The devices can switch roles, by agreement, and the slave can become the master (for example, a headset initiating a connection to a phone necessarily begins as master—as initiator of the connection—but may subsequently operate as slave).

The main circuitry of Bluetooth module consists of following:

Options to mitigate against Bluetooth security attacks include:

• Enable Bluetooth only when required.
• Enable Bluetooth discovery only when necessary, and disable discovery when finished.
• Remove paired devices when not in use.
• Regularly update firmware on Bluetooth-enabled devices.

Data sheet for Bluetooth HC-05 is

   http://www.tec.reutlingen-university.de/uploads/media/DatenblattHC-05_BT-Modul.pdf

Data sheet for Bluetooth HC-06 is

https://www.olimex.com/Products/Components/RF/BLUETOOTH-SERIAL-HC-06/resources/hc06.pdf

Applications of Bluetooth:

1.) Transfer Files Wirelessly Between Mobile Devices and Computers. You can pair a smartphone or tablet and a laptop or Bluetooth-enabled PC together and use Bluetooth to wirelessly send files back and forth. If you don't have your USB cable with you or you just like to use wireless file transfers, this can be useful.

2.) you can check out this link for projects based on Bluetooth:

    http://www.edgefxkits.com/bluetooth-projects/

    http://www.instructables.com/id/Bluetooth-Controlled-Projects/

    https://hackaday.io/projects/tag/bluetooth

Drones: A new way to look at the world..

DRONES

Human beings always had a queer interest in observing the world from different directions, angles and views,Aerial, underwater(marine),heights of mountains etc.

Drones give perfect hand fullness in observation of earth from up in sky. 

In technical way, An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft without a human pilot aboard. The flight of UAVs may be controlled with various kinds of autonomy : either by a given degree of remote control from an operator, located on the ground or in another vehicle, or fully autonomously, by onboard computers.

In 1849 Austria sent unmanned, bomb-filled balloons to attack Venice. Drone innovations started in the early 1900s and originally focussed on providing practice targets for training military personnel. UAV development continued during World War I, when the Dayton-Wright Airplane Company invented a pilotless aerial torpedo that would drop and explode at a preset time.The earliest attempt at a powered unmanned aerial vehicle was A. M. Low's "Aerial Target" of 1916.Nikola Tesla described a fleet of unmanned aerial combat vehicles in 1915. A number of remote-controlled-airplane advances followed during and after World War I, including the Hewitt-Sperry Automatic Airplane.

APPLICATION FOCUS:

Manned and large unmanned aircraft of the same type generally have recognizably similar physical components, the main exceptions being the cockpit and environmental control system or life support systems. Some UAVs carry payloads (such as a camera) which weigh considerably less than an adult human, and as a result can be considerably smaller. Though they carry heavy payloads, weaponized military drones are also lighter than their manned counterparts with comparable armaments.

   

SOFTWARE:

The UAV computer software are layered in tiers with different time requirements. The combination of layers is sometimes called the flight stack, or autopilot.Onboard classical operating systems alone are not ideal for flying UAVs: high response times may be fatal to the aircraft. Thus they may be completed by externally supported middlewares: RaspberryPis, Beagleboards, etc. shielded with NavIO, PXFMini, etc. or designed from scratch for hard real-time requirements, like Nuttx, preemp-RT Linux, Xenomai, Orocos-Robot Operating System, DDS-ROS 2.0 for instance.

Sixth Sense Technology

SIXTH SENSE TECHNOLOGY:

Sixth Sense technology (a camera combined with a light source) was developed in 1997 as a headworn device, and in 1998 as a neckworn object, but the Sixth Sense name for this work was not coined and published until 2001, when Mann coined the term "Sixth Sense" to describe such devices.
The Sixth Sense technology contains a pocket projector, and a camera contained in a head-mounted, handheld or pendant-like, wearable device. Both the projector and the camera are connected to a mobile computing device in the user’s pocket. The projector projects visual information enabling surfaces, walls and physical objects around us to be used as interfaces; while the camera recognizes and tracks users' hand gestures and physical objects using computer-vision based techniques. The software program processes the video stream data captured by the camera and tracks the locations of the colored markers (visual tracking fiducials) at the tips of the user’s fingers. The movements and arrangements of these fiducials are interpreted into gestures that act as interaction instructions for the projected application interfaces. SixthSense supports multi-touch and multi-user interaction.\
SixthSense is a gesture-based wearable computer system developed at MIT Media Lab by Steve Mann in 1994 and 1997 (headworn gestural interface), and 1998 (neckworn version), and further developed by Pranav Mistry (also at MIT Media Lab), in 2009, both of whom developed both hardware and software for both headworn and neckworn versions of it. It comprises a headworn or neck-worn pendant that contains both a data projector and camera.

Advantage:

• One of the main advantages of the Sixth Sense devices is its small size and portability. It can be easily carried around without any difficulty. The prototype of the Sixth Sense is designed in such a way that it gives more importance to the portability factor. All the devices are light in weight and the Smartphone can easily fit in to the user’s pocket Support Multi touch and Multi user interaction Multi touch and Multi user interaction is another added feature of the Sixth Sense devices. Multi sensing technique allows the user to interact with system with more than one finger at a time. Sixth Sense devices also in-corporate Multi user functionality. This is typically useful for large interaction scenarios such as interactive table tops and walls.Portable:

• Cost Effective:

The cost incurred for the construction of the Sixth Sense prototype is quite low. It was made from parts collected together from common devices. And a typical Sixth Sense device costs up to $300. The Sixth Sense devices have not been made in large scale for commercial purpose. Once that happens it’s almost certain that the device will cost much lower than the current price.

• Data access directly from the machines in real time:

With the help of a Sixth Sense device the user can easily access data from any machine at real time speed. The user doesn’t require any machine human interface to access the data. The data access through recognition of hand gestures is much easier and user friendlier compared to the text user interface or graphical user interface which requires keyboard or mouse.

• Open Source Software:

The software that is used to interpret and analysis the data collected by the device is going to be made open source as said by its inventor. This will enable other developers to contribute to the development of the system.

Aurdino board: a miracle for human beings....

ARDUINO

Hello everyone..

Following to my earlier blog 2bold.bloggspot.com , i have decided to dedicate a new blog on the outlook of technology currently in function.
My this blog is about ARDUINO or ARDUINO UNO. If you have any knowledge related to the ongoing advancement in the electronic sector, you might have come across the word ARDUINO.Have you ever wondered what it is?
Well, I will take you step by step about ARDUINO.
In laymen language an ARDUINO board is a PC on board. Its just a small board with all the functions and more than PC. 

ARDUINO started in 2005 as a project for students at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in Ivrea, Italy. At that time program students used a "BASIC Stamp" at a cost of $100, considered expensive for students. Massimo Banzi, one of the founders, taught at Ivrea.^[4] The name "Arduino" comes from a bar in Ivrea, where some of the founders of the project used to meet. The bar, in turn, has been named after Arduin of Ivrea, who was the margrave of Ivrea and King of Italy from 1002 to 1014.    (according to source from Wikipedia)

ARDUINO is an open-source computer hardware and software company, project and user community that designs and manufactures microcontroller -based kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the physical world.

ARDUINO  is described by its makers as "an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software," whatever that means. In short, it is a popular open-source electronic board that is capable of controlling just about any DIY hardware project. And there's a lot you can do with it.

As she continues to explain further that:

"The 'what is Arduino?' is still a little vague, and that's the Arduino's strength. It's the glue people use to connect tasks together.The best way to describe an Arduino is with a few examples. Want to have a coffee pot tweet when the coffee is ready? Arduino. Want to have a Professor X Steampunk wheelchair that speaks and dispenses booze? Arduino. Want to make a set of quiz buzzers for an event out of Staples' Easy Buttons? Arduino."

"Arduino was mostly designed by artists for artists and designers...I think it's been the most important product/project in the world of educational electronics.”

So, ARDUINO is basically a board that is specially designed for the architectural experience of ECE students or researchers.
An ARDUINO board historically consists of an Atmel 8-, 16- or 32-bit AVR microcontroller (although since 2015 other makers' microcontrollers have been used) with complementary components that facilitate programming and incorporation into other circuits. An important aspect of the ARDUINO is its standard connectors, which lets users connect the CPU board to a variety of interchangeable add-on modules known as shields. Some shields communicate with the ARDUINO board directly over various pins, but many shields are individually addressable via an I²C serial bus—so many shields can be stacked and used in parallel. Prior to 2015 Official ARDUINO had used the Atmel megaAVR series of chips, specifically the ATmega8, ATmega168, ATmega328, ATmega1280, and ATmega2560 and in 2015 units by other manufacturers were added. A handful of other processors have also been used by ARDUINO compatible devices. Most boards include a 5 V linear regulator and a 16 MHz crystal oscillator (or ceramic resonator in some variants), although some designs such as the LilyPad run at 8 MHz and dispense with the onboard voltage regulator due to specific form-factor restrictions. An ARDUINO's microcontroller is also pre-programmed with a boot loader that simplifies uploading of programs to the on-chip flash memory, compared with other devices that typically need an external programmer. This makes using an ARDUINO more straightforward by allowing the use of an ordinary computer as the programmer. Currently, optiboot bootloader is the default bootloader installed on ARDUINO UNO.

The original Arduino hardware was manufactured by the Italian company Smart Projects.Some Arduino-branded boards have been designed by the American companies SparkFun Electronics and Adafruit Industries. Seventeen versions of the Arduino hardware have been commercially produced to date.

Here is given the input and outputs of a standard ARDUINO UNO board.Arduino and Arduino-compatible boards use printed circuit expansion boards called "shields", which plug into the normally supplied Arduino pin headers. Shields can provide motor controls, GPS, Ethernet, LCD, or breadboarding (prototyping). A number of shields can also be made DIY.

PROJECTS USING ARDUINO BOARD:
    These following sites will guide you step by step on how to work on Arduino:
1.) http://www.engineersgarage.com/microcontroller/arduino-projects
2.) http://www.electronicshub.org/arduino-project-ideas/
3.) http://www.intorobotics.com/best-ideas-for-cheap-arduino-uno-projects/

Technix's main focus

Hello readers and followers.....
 This blog mainly focuses on the agenda of growing technology in the world.
 I might as well share some thoughtful subject related to the technology and tutorial videos..
Stay tuned to follow the world!!!